Sierra Leone governance — 17 WGI/WDI series, 1990–2024 https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/category/governance Editorial Intelligence — the definitive encyclopedia of Sierra Leonean development indicators Sun, 19 Apr 2026 16:54:49 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 Sierra Leone Political Stability (SE) 2024: 0.238 — near 2013 low https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/political-stability-std-sierra-leone https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/political-stability-std-sierra-leone#respond Tue, 14 Apr 2026 11:37:59 +0000 https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/political-stability-std-sierra-leone Latest value (2024) 0.238 Year-over-year change % Historical peak 0.328 Historical low 0.236 Year-by-Year Detail YearValueYoY Change 20240.238+0.0% 20230.238+1.0% 20220.236+0.0% 20210.236+0.0% 20200.236+0.0% 20190.236+0.0% 20180.236+0.0% 20170.236+0.0% 20160.236+0.0% 20150.236+0.0% 20140.236+0.0% 20130.236-2.6% 20120.242-3.7% 20110.252+0.0% 20100.252+0.0% 20090.252-8.2% 20080.274+0.0% 20070.274+0.0% 20060.274+0.0% 20050.274+0.0% 20040.274-14.6%…

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Latest value (2024)
0.238
Year-over-year change
%
Historical peak
0.328
Historical low
0.236

Year-by-Year Detail

Year Value YoY Change
2024 0.238 +0.0%
2023 0.238 +1.0%
2022 0.236 +0.0%
2021 0.236 +0.0%
2020 0.236 +0.0%
2019 0.236 +0.0%
2018 0.236 +0.0%
2017 0.236 +0.0%
2016 0.236 +0.0%
2015 0.236 +0.0%
2014 0.236 +0.0%
2013 0.236 -2.6%
2012 0.242 -3.7%
2011 0.252 +0.0%
2010 0.252 +0.0%
2009 0.252 -8.2%
2008 0.274 +0.0%
2007 0.274 +0.0%
2006 0.274 +0.0%
2005 0.274 +0.0%
2004 0.274 -14.6%
2003 0.321 +0.0%
2002 0.321 —
2000 0.321 —
1998 0.328 —
1996 0.328 —

Time Series (1996–2024)

0.328 0.305 0.282 0.259 0.236

1996
2012
2024

Notable Inflection Points

  • No local peaks or troughs detected.

Trend Analysis

Metric Value
Compound annual growth rate (1996–2024) -1.13%
Coefficient of variation 12.6%
Long-run mean 0.262
Long-run median 0.247
Observations 26

Decade Averages

Decade Mean Low High Obs.
1990s 0.328 0.328 0.328 2
2000s 0.287 0.252 0.321 9
2010s 0.240 0.236 0.252 10
2020s 0.237 0.236 0.238 5

Sierra Leone in 2024: Development Context

Health

Indicator 2024
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people) 30.11 per 1,000
Death Rate (per 1,000 people) 8.21 per 1,000
Life Expectancy at Birth (years) 61.96 years

Environment

Indicator 2024
CO2 Emissions (metric tons per capita) 0.169 metric tons/capita
Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions 7.93

Governance

Indicator 2024
Control of Corruption (Estimate) -0.702
Control of Corruption (Std. Error) 0.154
Government Effectiveness (Estimate) -0.967
Government Effectiveness (Std. Error) 0.184
Individuals Using the Internet (% of population) 25.1%
Political Stability (Estimate) -0.450
Regulatory Quality (Estimate) -1.06
Regulatory Quality (Std. Error) 0.155
Rule of Law (Estimate) -0.839
Rule of Law (Std. Error) 0.137
Statistical Performance Indicators 59.94
Voice and Accountability (Estimate) -0.513
Voice and Accountability (Std. Error) 0.142

Economic

Indicator 2024
GDP (current US$) $6.97B
Inflation, Consumer Prices (annual %) 28.63%
Military Expenditure (% of GDP) 0.463%
Real Interest Rate (%) 9.17
Risk Premium on Lending (%) 11.82
Trade in Services (% of GDP) 8.08%

Demographics

Indicator 2024
Population, Total 8.64M people
Rural Population 4.72M people

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators. Data licensed CC BY 4.0.

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]]> https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/political-stability-std-sierra-leone/feed 0 Sierra Leone Regulatory Quality (est.) 2024: -1.06 — near 1998 low https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/regulatory-quality-estimate-sierra-leone https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/regulatory-quality-estimate-sierra-leone#respond Tue, 14 Apr 2026 11:37:59 +0000 https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/regulatory-quality-estimate-sierra-leone Latest value (2024) -1.06 Year-over-year change 5.97% Historical peak -0.889 Historical low -1.98 Year-by-Year Detail YearValueYoY Change 2024-1.06-6.0% 2023-0.999+0.6% 2022-1.01-10.1% 2021-0.913-1.0% 2020-0.905-1.5% 2019-0.891+2.9% 2018-0.918+0.1% 2017-0.919-0.6% 2016-0.914+1.2% 2015-0.925-4.0% 2014-0.889+4.7% 2013-0.933+1.6% 2012-0.948-0.9% 2011-0.939+1.8% 2010-0.957+3.4% 2009-0.990+10.8% 2008-1.11+1.3% 2007-1.12+1.4% 2006-1.14+1.1% 2005-1.15+4.9% 2004-1.21+12.7%…

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Latest value (2024)
-1.06
Year-over-year change
5.97%
Historical peak
-0.889
Historical low
-1.98

Year-by-Year Detail

Year Value YoY Change
2024 -1.06 -6.0%
2023 -0.999 +0.6%
2022 -1.01 -10.1%
2021 -0.913 -1.0%
2020 -0.905 -1.5%
2019 -0.891 +2.9%
2018 -0.918 +0.1%
2017 -0.919 -0.6%
2016 -0.914 +1.2%
2015 -0.925 -4.0%
2014 -0.889 +4.7%
2013 -0.933 +1.6%
2012 -0.948 -0.9%
2011 -0.939 +1.8%
2010 -0.957 +3.4%
2009 -0.990 +10.8%
2008 -1.11 +1.3%
2007 -1.12 +1.4%
2006 -1.14 +1.1%
2005 -1.15 +4.9%
2004 -1.21 +12.7%
2003 -1.39 +0.0%
2002 -1.39 —
2000 -1.84 —
1998 -1.98 —
1996 -1.86 —

Time Series (1996–2024)

-0.889 -1.16 -1.43 -1.70 -1.98

1996
2012
2024

Notable Inflection Points

  • 2014 — local peak at -0.889.
  • 2019 — local peak at -0.891.

Trend Analysis

Metric Value
Coefficient of variation 27.4%
Long-run mean -1.13
Long-run median -0.995
Observations 26

Decade Averages

Decade Mean Low High Obs.
1990s -1.92 -1.98 -1.86 2
2000s -1.26 -1.84 -0.990 9
2010s -0.923 -0.957 -0.889 10
2020s -0.976 -1.06 -0.905 5

Sierra Leone in 2024: Development Context

Health

Indicator 2024
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people) 30.11 per 1,000
Death Rate (per 1,000 people) 8.21 per 1,000
Life Expectancy at Birth (years) 61.96 years

Environment

Indicator 2024
CO2 Emissions (metric tons per capita) 0.169 metric tons/capita
Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions 7.93

Governance

Indicator 2024
Control of Corruption (Estimate) -0.702
Control of Corruption (Std. Error) 0.154
Government Effectiveness (Estimate) -0.967
Government Effectiveness (Std. Error) 0.184
Individuals Using the Internet (% of population) 25.1%
Political Stability (Estimate) -0.450
Political Stability (Std. Error) 0.238
Regulatory Quality (Std. Error) 0.155
Rule of Law (Estimate) -0.839
Rule of Law (Std. Error) 0.137
Statistical Performance Indicators 59.94
Voice and Accountability (Estimate) -0.513
Voice and Accountability (Std. Error) 0.142

Economic

Indicator 2024
GDP (current US$) $6.97B
Inflation, Consumer Prices (annual %) 28.63%
Military Expenditure (% of GDP) 0.463%
Real Interest Rate (%) 9.17
Risk Premium on Lending (%) 11.82
Trade in Services (% of GDP) 8.08%

Demographics

Indicator 2024
Population, Total 8.64M people
Rural Population 4.72M people

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators. Data licensed CC BY 4.0.

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]]> https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/regulatory-quality-estimate-sierra-leone/feed 0 Sierra Leone Regulatory Quality (SE) 2024: 0.155 — near 2023 low https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/regulatory-quality-std-sierra-leone https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/regulatory-quality-std-sierra-leone#respond Tue, 14 Apr 2026 11:37:59 +0000 https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/regulatory-quality-std-sierra-leone Latest value (2024) 0.155 Year-over-year change % Historical peak 0.358 Historical low 0.155 Year-by-Year Detail YearValueYoY Change 20240.155+0.0% 20230.155-0.1% 20220.155+0.0% 20210.155+0.0% 20200.155+0.0% 20190.155+0.0% 20180.155+0.0% 20170.155+0.0% 20160.155+0.0% 20150.155+0.0% 20140.155+0.0% 20130.155-1.8% 20120.158-7.3% 20110.170+0.0% 20100.170+0.0% 20090.170-7.6% 20080.184+0.0% 20070.184+0.0% 20060.184+0.0% 20050.184-8.3% 20040.201-29.4%…

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Latest value (2024)
0.155
Year-over-year change
%
Historical peak
0.358
Historical low
0.155

Year-by-Year Detail

Year Value YoY Change
2024 0.155 +0.0%
2023 0.155 -0.1%
2022 0.155 +0.0%
2021 0.155 +0.0%
2020 0.155 +0.0%
2019 0.155 +0.0%
2018 0.155 +0.0%
2017 0.155 +0.0%
2016 0.155 +0.0%
2015 0.155 +0.0%
2014 0.155 +0.0%
2013 0.155 -1.8%
2012 0.158 -7.3%
2011 0.170 +0.0%
2010 0.170 +0.0%
2009 0.170 -7.6%
2008 0.184 +0.0%
2007 0.184 +0.0%
2006 0.184 +0.0%
2005 0.184 -8.3%
2004 0.201 -29.4%
2003 0.284 +0.0%
2002 0.284 —
2000 0.358 —
1998 0.358 —
1996 0.358 —

Time Series (1996–2024)

0.358 0.307 0.257 0.206 0.155

1996
2012
2024

Notable Inflection Points

  • No local peaks or troughs detected.

Trend Analysis

Metric Value
Compound annual growth rate (1996–2024) -2.95%
Coefficient of variation 34.4%
Long-run mean 0.196
Long-run median 0.164
Observations 26

Decade Averages

Decade Mean Low High Obs.
1990s 0.358 0.358 0.358 2
2000s 0.226 0.170 0.358 9
2010s 0.158 0.155 0.170 10
2020s 0.155 0.155 0.155 5

Sierra Leone in 2024: Development Context

Health

Indicator 2024
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people) 30.11 per 1,000
Death Rate (per 1,000 people) 8.21 per 1,000
Life Expectancy at Birth (years) 61.96 years

Environment

Indicator 2024
CO2 Emissions (metric tons per capita) 0.169 metric tons/capita
Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions 7.93

Governance

Indicator 2024
Control of Corruption (Estimate) -0.702
Control of Corruption (Std. Error) 0.154
Government Effectiveness (Estimate) -0.967
Government Effectiveness (Std. Error) 0.184
Individuals Using the Internet (% of population) 25.1%
Political Stability (Estimate) -0.450
Political Stability (Std. Error) 0.238
Regulatory Quality (Estimate) -1.06
Rule of Law (Estimate) -0.839
Rule of Law (Std. Error) 0.137
Statistical Performance Indicators 59.94
Voice and Accountability (Estimate) -0.513
Voice and Accountability (Std. Error) 0.142

Economic

Indicator 2024
GDP (current US$) $6.97B
Inflation, Consumer Prices (annual %) 28.63%
Military Expenditure (% of GDP) 0.463%
Real Interest Rate (%) 9.17
Risk Premium on Lending (%) 11.82
Trade in Services (% of GDP) 8.08%

Demographics

Indicator 2024
Population, Total 8.64M people
Rural Population 4.72M people

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators. Data licensed CC BY 4.0.

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]]> https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/regulatory-quality-std-sierra-leone/feed 0 Sierra Leone Rule of Law (est.) 2024: -0.839 — near 2002 low https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/rule-of-law-estimate-sierra-leone https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/rule-of-law-estimate-sierra-leone#respond Tue, 14 Apr 2026 11:37:59 +0000 https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/rule-of-law-estimate-sierra-leone Latest value (2024) -0.839 Year-over-year change 1.41% Historical peak -0.675 Historical low -1.49 Year-by-Year Detail YearValueYoY Change 2024-0.839-1.4% 2023-0.827-5.9% 2022-0.781-2.8% 2021-0.759-12.5% 2020-0.675+13.7% 2019-0.782-6.1% 2018-0.737+2.8% 2017-0.758+5.6% 2016-0.802-1.7% 2015-0.789+11.7% 2014-0.894-3.8% 2013-0.862-16.2% 2012-0.742+5.4% 2011-0.784+6.3% 2010-0.837+0.1% 2009-0.838+3.1% 2008-0.864-0.8% 2007-0.857+1.7% 2006-0.872+9.2% 2005-0.960+6.6% 2004-1.03+11.7%…

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Latest value (2024)
-0.839
Year-over-year change
1.41%
Historical peak
-0.675
Historical low
-1.49

Year-by-Year Detail

Year Value YoY Change
2024 -0.839 -1.4%
2023 -0.827 -5.9%
2022 -0.781 -2.8%
2021 -0.759 -12.5%
2020 -0.675 +13.7%
2019 -0.782 -6.1%
2018 -0.737 +2.8%
2017 -0.758 +5.6%
2016 -0.802 -1.7%
2015 -0.789 +11.7%
2014 -0.894 -3.8%
2013 -0.862 -16.2%
2012 -0.742 +5.4%
2011 -0.784 +6.3%
2010 -0.837 +0.1%
2009 -0.838 +3.1%
2008 -0.864 -0.8%
2007 -0.857 +1.7%
2006 -0.872 +9.2%
2005 -0.960 +6.6%
2004 -1.03 +11.7%
2003 -1.16 +21.7%
2002 -1.49 —
2000 -1.09 —
1998 -1.10 —
1996 -1.24 —

Time Series (1996–2024)

-0.675 -0.878 -1.08 -1.28 -1.49

1996
2012
2024

Notable Inflection Points

  • 2000 — local peak at -1.09.
  • 2002 — local trough at -1.49.
  • 2014 — local trough at -0.894.
  • 2019 — local trough at -0.782.

Trend Analysis

Metric Value
Coefficient of variation 20.2%
Long-run mean -0.899
Long-run median -0.838
Observations 26

Decade Averages

Decade Mean Low High Obs.
1990s -1.17 -1.24 -1.10 2
2000s -1.02 -1.49 -0.838 9
2010s -0.799 -0.894 -0.737 10
2020s -0.776 -0.839 -0.675 5

Sierra Leone in 2024: Development Context

Health

Indicator 2024
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people) 30.11 per 1,000
Death Rate (per 1,000 people) 8.21 per 1,000
Life Expectancy at Birth (years) 61.96 years

Environment

Indicator 2024
CO2 Emissions (metric tons per capita) 0.169 metric tons/capita
Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions 7.93

Governance

Indicator 2024
Control of Corruption (Estimate) -0.702
Control of Corruption (Std. Error) 0.154
Government Effectiveness (Estimate) -0.967
Government Effectiveness (Std. Error) 0.184
Individuals Using the Internet (% of population) 25.1%
Political Stability (Estimate) -0.450
Political Stability (Std. Error) 0.238
Regulatory Quality (Estimate) -1.06
Regulatory Quality (Std. Error) 0.155
Rule of Law (Std. Error) 0.137
Statistical Performance Indicators 59.94
Voice and Accountability (Estimate) -0.513
Voice and Accountability (Std. Error) 0.142

Economic

Indicator 2024
GDP (current US$) $6.97B
Inflation, Consumer Prices (annual %) 28.63%
Military Expenditure (% of GDP) 0.463%
Real Interest Rate (%) 9.17
Risk Premium on Lending (%) 11.82
Trade in Services (% of GDP) 8.08%

Demographics

Indicator 2024
Population, Total 8.64M people
Rural Population 4.72M people

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators. Data licensed CC BY 4.0.

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]]> https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/rule-of-law-estimate-sierra-leone/feed 0 Sierra Leone Rule of Law (SE) 2024: 0.137 — near 2012 low https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/rule-of-law-std-sierra-leone https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/rule-of-law-std-sierra-leone#respond Tue, 14 Apr 2026 11:37:59 +0000 https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/rule-of-law-std-sierra-leone Latest value (2024) 0.137 Year-over-year change % Historical peak 0.271 Historical low 0.130 Year-by-Year Detail YearValueYoY Change 20240.137+0.0% 20230.137-0.4% 20220.138-1.5% 20210.140+0.0% 20200.140+4.3% 20190.134+0.0% 20180.134+1.2% 20170.132+0.0% 20160.132+0.0% 20150.132+1.9% 20140.130+0.0% 20130.130+0.0% 20120.130-16.3% 20110.155-0.4% 20100.156+0.0% 20090.156-12.2% 20080.178+0.0% 20070.178+0.0% 20060.178-3.0% 20050.183-10.6% 20040.205-12.7%…

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Latest value (2024)
0.137
Year-over-year change
%
Historical peak
0.271
Historical low
0.130

Year-by-Year Detail

Year Value YoY Change
2024 0.137 +0.0%
2023 0.137 -0.4%
2022 0.138 -1.5%
2021 0.140 +0.0%
2020 0.140 +4.3%
2019 0.134 +0.0%
2018 0.134 +1.2%
2017 0.132 +0.0%
2016 0.132 +0.0%
2015 0.132 +1.9%
2014 0.130 +0.0%
2013 0.130 +0.0%
2012 0.130 -16.3%
2011 0.155 -0.4%
2010 0.156 +0.0%
2009 0.156 -12.2%
2008 0.178 +0.0%
2007 0.178 +0.0%
2006 0.178 -3.0%
2005 0.183 -10.6%
2004 0.205 -12.7%
2003 0.234 -6.2%
2002 0.250 —
2000 0.271 —
1998 0.271 —
1996 0.271 —

Time Series (1996–2024)

0.271 0.236 0.201 0.165 0.130

1996
2012
2024

Notable Inflection Points

  • No local peaks or troughs detected.

Trend Analysis

Metric Value
Compound annual growth rate (1996–2024) -2.41%
Coefficient of variation 28.2%
Long-run mean 0.170
Long-run median 0.147
Observations 26

Decade Averages

Decade Mean Low High Obs.
1990s 0.271 0.271 0.271 2
2000s 0.203 0.156 0.271 9
2010s 0.137 0.130 0.156 10
2020s 0.138 0.137 0.140 5

Sierra Leone in 2024: Development Context

Health

Indicator 2024
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people) 30.11 per 1,000
Death Rate (per 1,000 people) 8.21 per 1,000
Life Expectancy at Birth (years) 61.96 years

Environment

Indicator 2024
CO2 Emissions (metric tons per capita) 0.169 metric tons/capita
Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions 7.93

Governance

Indicator 2024
Control of Corruption (Estimate) -0.702
Control of Corruption (Std. Error) 0.154
Government Effectiveness (Estimate) -0.967
Government Effectiveness (Std. Error) 0.184
Individuals Using the Internet (% of population) 25.1%
Political Stability (Estimate) -0.450
Political Stability (Std. Error) 0.238
Regulatory Quality (Estimate) -1.06
Regulatory Quality (Std. Error) 0.155
Rule of Law (Estimate) -0.839
Statistical Performance Indicators 59.94
Voice and Accountability (Estimate) -0.513
Voice and Accountability (Std. Error) 0.142

Economic

Indicator 2024
GDP (current US$) $6.97B
Inflation, Consumer Prices (annual %) 28.63%
Military Expenditure (% of GDP) 0.463%
Real Interest Rate (%) 9.17
Risk Premium on Lending (%) 11.82
Trade in Services (% of GDP) 8.08%

Demographics

Indicator 2024
Population, Total 8.64M people
Rural Population 4.72M people

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators. Data licensed CC BY 4.0.

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]]> https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/rule-of-law-std-sierra-leone/feed 0 Sierra Leone Voice & Accountability (est.) 2024: -0.513 (+10.1% YoY) https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/voice-and-accountability-estimate-sierra-leone https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/voice-and-accountability-estimate-sierra-leone#respond Tue, 14 Apr 2026 11:37:59 +0000 https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/voice-and-accountability-estimate-sierra-leone Latest value (2024) -0.513 Year-over-year change 10.15% Historical peak -0.162 Historical low -1.18 Year-by-Year Detail YearValueYoY Change 2024-0.513-10.1% 2023-0.466-51.9% 2022-0.307-9.7% 2021-0.280-3.1% 2020-0.271+15.1% 2019-0.319-17.1% 2018-0.273+27.3% 2017-0.375+0.5% 2016-0.377-1.2% 2015-0.372-23.0% 2014-0.302+6.7% 2013-0.324-16.6% 2012-0.278-40.3% 2011-0.198-21.8% 2010-0.162+33.3% 2009-0.244-17.1% 2008-0.208+19.2% 2007-0.257+4.0% 2006-0.268+14.8% 2005-0.315-47.8% 2004-0.213+55.5%…

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Latest value (2024)
-0.513
Year-over-year change
10.15%
Historical peak
-0.162
Historical low
-1.18

Year-by-Year Detail

Year Value YoY Change
2024 -0.513 -10.1%
2023 -0.466 -51.9%
2022 -0.307 -9.7%
2021 -0.280 -3.1%
2020 -0.271 +15.1%
2019 -0.319 -17.1%
2018 -0.273 +27.3%
2017 -0.375 +0.5%
2016 -0.377 -1.2%
2015 -0.372 -23.0%
2014 -0.302 +6.7%
2013 -0.324 -16.6%
2012 -0.278 -40.3%
2011 -0.198 -21.8%
2010 -0.162 +33.3%
2009 -0.244 -17.1%
2008 -0.208 +19.2%
2007 -0.257 +4.0%
2006 -0.268 +14.8%
2005 -0.315 -47.8%
2004 -0.213 +55.5%
2003 -0.479 +18.0%
2002 -0.584 —
2000 -1.18 —
1998 -1.06 —
1996 -0.745 —

Time Series (1996–2024)

-0.162 -0.418 -0.673 -0.929 -1.18

1996
2012
2024

Notable Inflection Points

  • 2000 — local trough at -1.18.
  • 2004 — local peak at -0.213.
  • 2016 — local trough at -0.377.
  • 2020 — local peak at -0.271.

Trend Analysis

Metric Value
Coefficient of variation 61.4%
Long-run mean -0.399
Long-run median -0.311
Observations 26

Decade Averages

Decade Mean Low High Obs.
1990s -0.902 -1.06 -0.745 2
2000s -0.417 -1.18 -0.208 9
2010s -0.298 -0.377 -0.162 10
2020s -0.367 -0.513 -0.271 5

Sierra Leone in 2024: Development Context

Health

Indicator 2024
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people) 30.11 per 1,000
Death Rate (per 1,000 people) 8.21 per 1,000
Life Expectancy at Birth (years) 61.96 years

Environment

Indicator 2024
CO2 Emissions (metric tons per capita) 0.169 metric tons/capita
Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions 7.93

Governance

Indicator 2024
Control of Corruption (Estimate) -0.702
Control of Corruption (Std. Error) 0.154
Government Effectiveness (Estimate) -0.967
Government Effectiveness (Std. Error) 0.184
Individuals Using the Internet (% of population) 25.1%
Political Stability (Estimate) -0.450
Political Stability (Std. Error) 0.238
Regulatory Quality (Estimate) -1.06
Regulatory Quality (Std. Error) 0.155
Rule of Law (Estimate) -0.839
Rule of Law (Std. Error) 0.137
Statistical Performance Indicators 59.94
Voice and Accountability (Std. Error) 0.142

Economic

Indicator 2024
GDP (current US$) $6.97B
Inflation, Consumer Prices (annual %) 28.63%
Military Expenditure (% of GDP) 0.463%
Real Interest Rate (%) 9.17
Risk Premium on Lending (%) 11.82
Trade in Services (% of GDP) 8.08%

Demographics

Indicator 2024
Population, Total 8.64M people
Rural Population 4.72M people

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators. Data licensed CC BY 4.0.

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]]> https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/voice-and-accountability-estimate-sierra-leone/feed 0 Sierra Leone Voice & Accountability (SE) 2024: 0.142 — near 2012 low https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/voice-and-accountability-std-sierra-leone https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/voice-and-accountability-std-sierra-leone#respond Tue, 14 Apr 2026 11:37:59 +0000 https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/voice-and-accountability-std-sierra-leone Latest value (2024) 0.142 Year-over-year change % Historical peak 0.221 Historical low 0.119 Year-by-Year Detail YearValueYoY Change 20240.142+0.0% 20230.142+0.7% 20220.141+0.0% 20210.141+0.0% 20200.141+0.3% 20190.141+0.0% 20180.141+5.2% 20170.134+0.0% 20160.134+3.2% 20150.130+9.0% 20140.119+0.0% 20130.119+0.0% 20120.119-8.4% 20110.130-1.0% 20100.131+0.0% 20090.131+0.0% 20080.131+0.0% 20070.131+0.0% 20060.131-8.4% 20050.144-5.6% 20040.152-2.4%…

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Latest value (2024)
0.142
Year-over-year change
%
Historical peak
0.221
Historical low
0.119

Year-by-Year Detail

Year Value YoY Change
2024 0.142 +0.0%
2023 0.142 +0.7%
2022 0.141 +0.0%
2021 0.141 +0.0%
2020 0.141 +0.3%
2019 0.141 +0.0%
2018 0.141 +5.2%
2017 0.134 +0.0%
2016 0.134 +3.2%
2015 0.130 +9.0%
2014 0.119 +0.0%
2013 0.119 +0.0%
2012 0.119 -8.4%
2011 0.130 -1.0%
2010 0.131 +0.0%
2009 0.131 +0.0%
2008 0.131 +0.0%
2007 0.131 +0.0%
2006 0.131 -8.4%
2005 0.144 -5.6%
2004 0.152 -2.4%
2003 0.156 -14.5%
2002 0.182 —
2000 0.210 —
1998 0.221 —
1996 0.221 —

Time Series (1996–2024)

0.221 0.196 0.170 0.145 0.119

1996
2012
2024

Notable Inflection Points

  • No local peaks or troughs detected.

Trend Analysis

Metric Value
Compound annual growth rate (1996–2024) -1.57%
Coefficient of variation 19.4%
Long-run mean 0.147
Long-run median 0.141
Observations 26

Decade Averages

Decade Mean Low High Obs.
1990s 0.221 0.221 0.221 2
2000s 0.152 0.131 0.210 9
2010s 0.130 0.119 0.141 10
2020s 0.142 0.141 0.142 5

Sierra Leone in 2024: Development Context

Health

Indicator 2024
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people) 30.11 per 1,000
Death Rate (per 1,000 people) 8.21 per 1,000
Life Expectancy at Birth (years) 61.96 years

Environment

Indicator 2024
CO2 Emissions (metric tons per capita) 0.169 metric tons/capita
Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions 7.93

Governance

Indicator 2024
Control of Corruption (Estimate) -0.702
Control of Corruption (Std. Error) 0.154
Government Effectiveness (Estimate) -0.967
Government Effectiveness (Std. Error) 0.184
Individuals Using the Internet (% of population) 25.1%
Political Stability (Estimate) -0.450
Political Stability (Std. Error) 0.238
Regulatory Quality (Estimate) -1.06
Regulatory Quality (Std. Error) 0.155
Rule of Law (Estimate) -0.839
Rule of Law (Std. Error) 0.137
Statistical Performance Indicators 59.94
Voice and Accountability (Estimate) -0.513

Economic

Indicator 2024
GDP (current US$) $6.97B
Inflation, Consumer Prices (annual %) 28.63%
Military Expenditure (% of GDP) 0.463%
Real Interest Rate (%) 9.17
Risk Premium on Lending (%) 11.82
Trade in Services (% of GDP) 8.08%

Demographics

Indicator 2024
Population, Total 8.64M people
Rural Population 4.72M people

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators. Data licensed CC BY 4.0.

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]]> https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/voice-and-accountability-std-sierra-leone/feed 0 Sierra Leone Govt Education Spending 2023: 2.62% (-46.5% YoY) https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/government-expenditure-on-education-pct-sierra-leone https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/government-expenditure-on-education-pct-sierra-leone#respond Tue, 14 Apr 2026 11:37:59 +0000 https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/government-expenditure-on-education-pct-sierra-leone Latest value (2023) 2.62% Year-over-year change -46.52% Historical peak 5.59% Historical low 1.45% Year-by-Year Detail YearValueYoY Change 20232.62%-46.5% 20224.91%-12.3% 20215.59%+4.6% 20205.35%+14.9% 20194.65%+4.1% 20184.47%+48.2% 20173.02%+63.1% 20161.85%-42.6% 20153.22%+85.2% 20141.74%+11.3% 20131.56%-12.2% 20121.78%+10.1% 20111.62%+3.2% 20101.57%-9.2% 20091.72%+18.6% 20081.45%-4.3% 20071.52%— 20051.81%-9.8% 20042.01%-4.6% 20032.11%-8.2% 20022.3%+3.2%…

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]]>
Latest value (2023)
2.62%
Year-over-year change
-46.52%
Historical peak
5.59%
Historical low
1.45%

Year-by-Year Detail

Year Value YoY Change
2023 2.62% -46.5%
2022 4.91% -12.3%
2021 5.59% +4.6%
2020 5.35% +14.9%
2019 4.65% +4.1%
2018 4.47% +48.2%
2017 3.02% +63.1%
2016 1.85% -42.6%
2015 3.22% +85.2%
2014 1.74% +11.3%
2013 1.56% -12.2%
2012 1.78% +10.1%
2011 1.62% +3.2%
2010 1.57% -9.2%
2009 1.72% +18.6%
2008 1.45% -4.3%
2007 1.52% —
2005 1.81% -9.8%
2004 2.01% -4.6%
2003 2.11% -8.2%
2002 2.3% +3.2%
2001 2.23% -55.0%
2000 4.95% —

Time Series (2000–2023)

5.59% 4.56% 3.52% 2.49% 1.45%

2000
2012
2023

Notable Inflection Points

  • 2009 — local peak at 1.72%.
  • 2012 — local peak at 1.78%.
  • 2015 — local peak at 3.22%.
  • 2021 — local peak at 5.59%.

Trend Analysis

Metric Value
Compound annual growth rate (2000–2023) -2.72%
Coefficient of variation 50.0%
Long-run mean 2.78%
Long-run median 2.11%
Observations 23

Decade Averages

Decade Mean Low High Obs.
2000s 2.23% 1.45% 4.95% 9
2010s 2.55% 1.56% 4.65% 10
2020s 4.62% 2.62% 5.59% 4

Sierra Leone in 2023: Development Context

Environment

Indicator 2023
Access to Electricity (% of population) 35.5%
Agricultural Land (% of land area) 54.71%
CO2 Emissions (metric tons per capita) 0.167 metric tons/capita
Forest Land (% of land area) 34.3%
Land Area (sq. km) 72,180 sq. km
Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions 7.79

Health

Indicator 2023
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people) 30.60 per 1,000
Death Rate (per 1,000 people) 8.29 per 1,000
Government Health Expenditure (% of GDP) 0.789%
Life Expectancy at Birth (years) 61.79 years

Governance

Indicator 2023
Control of Corruption (Estimate) -0.569
Control of Corruption (Std. Error) 0.154
Government Effectiveness (Estimate) -0.954
Government Effectiveness (Std. Error) 0.184
Individuals Using the Internet (% of population) 23.71%
Political Stability (Estimate) -0.556
Political Stability (Std. Error) 0.238
Regulatory Quality (Estimate) -0.999
Regulatory Quality (Std. Error) 0.155
Rule of Law (Estimate) -0.827
Rule of Law (Std. Error) 0.137
Statistical Performance Indicators 61.11
Voice and Accountability (Estimate) -0.466
Voice and Accountability (Std. Error) 0.142

Economic

Indicator 2023
GDP (current US$) $6.42B
Inflation, Consumer Prices (annual %) 47.64%
Military Expenditure (% of GDP) 0.603%
Real Interest Rate (%) -7.44
Risk Premium on Lending (%) 18.25
Time to Get Operating License (days) 17.93
Trade in Services (% of GDP) 6.59%

Demographics

Indicator 2023
Population Density (people per sq. km) 117.21 per sq. km
Population, Total 8.46M people
Rural Population 4.67M people

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators. Data licensed CC BY 4.0.

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]]> https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/government-expenditure-on-education-pct-sierra-leone/feed 0 Sierra Leone Internet Users — record 25.1% (2024) https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/individuals-using-internet-pct-sierra-leone https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/individuals-using-internet-pct-sierra-leone#respond Tue, 14 Apr 2026 11:37:58 +0000 https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/individuals-using-internet-pct-sierra-leone Latest value (2024) 25.1% Year-over-year change 5.87% Historical peak 25.1% Historical low % Year-by-Year Detail YearValueYoY Change 202425.1%+5.9% 202323.71%+10.3% 202221.51%+15.3% 202118.65%+9.0% 202017.12%+9.0% 201915.71%+9.0% 201814.42%+55.1% 20179.3%+21.1% 20167.68%+21.1% 20156.34%+4.7% 20146.06%+51.4% 20134%+60.0% 20122.5%+177.8% 20110.9%+55.2% 20100.58%+123.1% 20090.26%+4.0% 20080.25%+4.3% 20070.24%+5.3% 20060.228%+5.7% 20050.215%+6.1% 20040.203%+6.7%…

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Latest value (2024)
25.1%
Year-over-year change
5.87%
Historical peak
25.1%
Historical low
%

Year-by-Year Detail

Year Value YoY Change
2024 25.1% +5.9%
2023 23.71% +10.3%
2022 21.51% +15.3%
2021 18.65% +9.0%
2020 17.12% +9.0%
2019 15.71% +9.0%
2018 14.42% +55.1%
2017 9.3% +21.1%
2016 7.68% +21.1%
2015 6.34% +4.7%
2014 6.06% +51.4%
2013 4% +60.0%
2012 2.5% +177.8%
2011 0.9% +55.2%
2010 0.58% +123.1%
2009 0.26% +4.0%
2008 0.25% +4.3%
2007 0.24% +5.3%
2006 0.228% +5.7%
2005 0.215% +6.1%
2004 0.203% +6.7%
2003 0.19% +7.9%
2002 0.176% +9.9%
2001 0.16% +35.5%
2000 0.118% +143.8%
1999 0.049% +227.7%
1998 0.015% +196.6%
1997 0.005% +98.8%
1996 0.003% —
1995 % —
1994 % —
1993 % —
1992 % —
1991 % —
1990 % —

Time Series (1990–2024)

25.1% 18.83% 12.55% 6.28% %

1990
2007
2024

Notable Inflection Points

  • No local peaks or troughs detected.

Trend Analysis

Metric Value
Coefficient of variation 154.9%
Long-run mean 5.02%
Long-run median 0.24%
Observations 35

Decade Averages

Decade Mean Low High Obs.
1990s 0.007% % 0.049% 10
2000s 0.204% 0.118% 0.26% 10
2010s 6.75% 0.58% 15.71% 10
2020s 21.22% 17.12% 25.1% 5

Sierra Leone in 2024: Development Context

Health

Indicator 2024
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people) 30.11 per 1,000
Death Rate (per 1,000 people) 8.21 per 1,000
Life Expectancy at Birth (years) 61.96 years

Environment

Indicator 2024
CO2 Emissions (metric tons per capita) 0.169 metric tons/capita
Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions 7.93

Governance

Indicator 2024
Control of Corruption (Estimate) -0.702
Control of Corruption (Std. Error) 0.154
Government Effectiveness (Estimate) -0.967
Government Effectiveness (Std. Error) 0.184
Political Stability (Estimate) -0.450
Political Stability (Std. Error) 0.238
Regulatory Quality (Estimate) -1.06
Regulatory Quality (Std. Error) 0.155
Rule of Law (Estimate) -0.839
Rule of Law (Std. Error) 0.137
Statistical Performance Indicators 59.94
Voice and Accountability (Estimate) -0.513
Voice and Accountability (Std. Error) 0.142

Economic

Indicator 2024
GDP (current US$) $6.97B
Inflation, Consumer Prices (annual %) 28.63%
Military Expenditure (% of GDP) 0.463%
Real Interest Rate (%) 9.17
Risk Premium on Lending (%) 11.82
Trade in Services (% of GDP) 8.08%

Demographics

Indicator 2024
Population, Total 8.64M people
Rural Population 4.72M people

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators. Data licensed CC BY 4.0.

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]]> https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/individuals-using-internet-pct-sierra-leone/feed 0 Sierra Leone Corruption Control (est.) 2024: -0.702 (+23.5% YoY) https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/control-of-corruption-estimate-sierra-leone https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/control-of-corruption-estimate-sierra-leone#respond Tue, 14 Apr 2026 11:37:58 +0000 https://thejournalofsierraleonestudies.com/governance/control-of-corruption-estimate-sierra-leone Latest value (2024) -0.702 Year-over-year change 23.49% Historical peak -0.461 Historical low -1.04 Year-by-Year Detail YearValueYoY Change 2024-0.702-23.5% 2023-0.569-2.8% 2022-0.553-15.8% 2021-0.478-3.7% 2020-0.461+10.1% 2019-0.513+3.5% 2018-0.532+20.1% 2017-0.665+19.5% 2016-0.827-3.5% 2015-0.799+5.2% 2014-0.842-5.1% 2013-0.802-4.2% 2012-0.769-15.4% 2011-0.667-5.5% 2010-0.632+16.5% 2009-0.757+15.1% 2008-0.891+6.9% 2007-0.957+5.4% 2006-1.01+2.6% 2005-1.04-24.8% 2004-0.833-2.5%…

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]]>
Latest value (2024)
-0.702
Year-over-year change
23.49%
Historical peak
-0.461
Historical low
-1.04

Year-by-Year Detail

Year Value YoY Change
2024 -0.702 -23.5%
2023 -0.569 -2.8%
2022 -0.553 -15.8%
2021 -0.478 -3.7%
2020 -0.461 +10.1%
2019 -0.513 +3.5%
2018 -0.532 +20.1%
2017 -0.665 +19.5%
2016 -0.827 -3.5%
2015 -0.799 +5.2%
2014 -0.842 -5.1%
2013 -0.802 -4.2%
2012 -0.769 -15.4%
2011 -0.667 -5.5%
2010 -0.632 +16.5%
2009 -0.757 +15.1%
2008 -0.891 +6.9%
2007 -0.957 +5.4%
2006 -1.01 +2.6%
2005 -1.04 -24.8%
2004 -0.833 -2.5%
2003 -0.812 -1.0%
2002 -0.804 —
2000 -0.670 —
1998 -0.664 —
1996 -0.647 —

Time Series (1996–2024)

-0.461 -0.606 -0.750 -0.894 -1.04

1996
2012
2024

Notable Inflection Points

  • 2005 — local trough at -1.04.
  • 2010 — local peak at -0.632.
  • 2014 — local trough at -0.842.
  • 2020 — local peak at -0.461.

Trend Analysis

Metric Value
Coefficient of variation 21.3%
Long-run mean -0.727
Long-run median -0.729
Observations 26

Decade Averages

Decade Mean Low High Obs.
1990s -0.656 -0.664 -0.647 2
2000s -0.864 -1.04 -0.670 9
2010s -0.705 -0.842 -0.513 10
2020s -0.553 -0.702 -0.461 5

Sierra Leone in 2024: Development Context

Health

Indicator 2024
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people) 30.11 per 1,000
Death Rate (per 1,000 people) 8.21 per 1,000
Life Expectancy at Birth (years) 61.96 years

Environment

Indicator 2024
CO2 Emissions (metric tons per capita) 0.169 metric tons/capita
Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions 7.93

Governance

Indicator 2024
Control of Corruption (Std. Error) 0.154
Government Effectiveness (Estimate) -0.967
Government Effectiveness (Std. Error) 0.184
Individuals Using the Internet (% of population) 25.1%
Political Stability (Estimate) -0.450
Political Stability (Std. Error) 0.238
Regulatory Quality (Estimate) -1.06
Regulatory Quality (Std. Error) 0.155
Rule of Law (Estimate) -0.839
Rule of Law (Std. Error) 0.137
Statistical Performance Indicators 59.94
Voice and Accountability (Estimate) -0.513
Voice and Accountability (Std. Error) 0.142

Economic

Indicator 2024
GDP (current US$) $6.97B
Inflation, Consumer Prices (annual %) 28.63%
Military Expenditure (% of GDP) 0.463%
Real Interest Rate (%) 9.17
Risk Premium on Lending (%) 11.82
Trade in Services (% of GDP) 8.08%

Demographics

Indicator 2024
Population, Total 8.64M people
Rural Population 4.72M people

Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators. Data licensed CC BY 4.0.

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